Developing and improving micro Businesses in the home Business sector is one of the most important and effective ways to improve the economic, social and livelihood state of the villagers because, despite the many constraints that exist in different parts of Rural communities, such as manpower and finance, for Rural entrepreneurs, setting up small and medium Businesses is hard and difficult. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective drivers for the development of very small Businesses(micro) in the Rural home Business sector. This research has a mixed approach, from a practical point of view and from a descriptive-survey method. Semi-structured interviews with emphasis on exploratory approach and researcher-made questionnaire have been used to collect data. In the qualitative stage of the statistical society, this research consists of experts, professors and all those who have practical or research activity in the field of home-based Business. A total of 12 people have been selected through chain sampling. In the quantitative stage, the statistical population includes all those who work in Rural households with fewer than 9 people and at least 2 years of experience; 43 of them were selected using purposeful sampling. To analyze the data, in the first stage (qualitative) of the topic analysis, and in the second phase(quantitatively), the factor analysis was used. The results show that factors such as entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurial capacity building, and entrepreneurial empowerment are among the most important drivers for the development of very small Businesses(micro) in the Rural home Business sector.

In recent years, the Vocational Training Center has played an important role in realizing the ideas of villagers, but there is a bulk of evidence to suggest that only a few of these ideas have reached an operational stage. This study aims at the challenges in operating Business ideas from the viewpoint of female Rural students. The research method was qualitative and based on a fundamental theory. The statistical population consisted of Rural women and girls participating in the courses held by the technical and vocational organization of Kermanshah province. Fifty of these people were selected through qualitative purposeful sampling. The data were collected through participatory and non-participatory interviews, individual interviews, and the formation of 10 groups. The findings of the research showed that the expertise and experience required for making a Business plan, marketing, knowledge of laws, lack of personal funds for investment, lack of access to information and information resources, lack of comprehensive support from the beginning to the end of the process of idea operationalization, low risk-taking, fear of failure, and family barriers are the most important challenges for operating Business ideas.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to investment and Business in Iran's Rural border regions. In this study, 38 participants including entrepreneurs, activists and Business owners of Rural areas of the country's border regions as well as officials, managers and experts of Rural and economic affairs of the border provinces of the country were used to collect data. The collected data have been analyzed by qualitative analysis methods, especially the thematic analysis method. The results of this study show that the barriers to investment in the Rural border regions of the country fall into four socio-cultural, economic, institutional and physical sectors and access. In the economic sector, "access to financial and economic facilities and resources", "crude sales and lack of processing facilities for Rural products", "marketing problems and access to markets for sale" and "lack of investment frontier investment / incentives and support policies of production on the border ". In the socio-cultural sector, there is "low return on education and Rural empowerment". In the institutional section, "Institutional and Legal Problems in Obtaining Necessary Licenses and Coordination of Local and Provincial Institutions", "Problems Related to Land Loss and Non-Change of Land Use", "Lack of Investment Benefits in Frontier Areas / Incentive Policies and Production Support Policies" "And" Border deadlock and market issues. “ In the physical and access section, there is a "weakness in the facilities and infrastructure of border villages especially access roads".

Since Rural women have fewer opportunities to grow and develop entrepreneurship due to existing constraints, this study investigated the effectiveness of agricultural education programs for Rural women in creating entrepreneurship among Rural women in 1996-95. The purpose of this study is applied, in terms of field data collection method and in terms of quasi-experimental variables control using questionnaire. The population of the study was 970 Rural women members of Rural women cooperatives in Alborz province who had previous training and extension courses related to employment and agricultural Business. Using Cochran formula, 135 of them were identified and 140 individuals were selected by quota sampling to increase the accuracy of the data. Rural women with no background in training were also used to compare a group of 140 people. The validity of the research instrument was confirmed by expert opinion and the reliability was confirmed by ordinal theta coefficient (θ = 0. 79-0. 91). Results of Mann-Whitney nonparametric test indicated a statistically significant difference in entrepreneurial characteristics between the experimental and control groups. Individuals who participated in entrepreneurship courses also scored higher on the two components of success and ambiguity than the control group. Sequential regression analysis also showed that 6 variables of attitude, work, age, economic status, income, participation in courses and information seeking behavior explained 33% of the probability of changes in the level of dependent variable of entrepreneurial characteristics (R2=0. 33).

The Qur'an contains religious values ​​for the advancement of man to happiness. The claim is that Quranic teachings are the basis of religious values; By choosing it better, the method of proving religious beliefs can be extracted. This research tries to extract the method of proving religious beliefs with a Business approach and by using artistic forms with a descriptive and analytical method and with a better selection of Quranic teachings. Based on the verses, the process was defined as the introduction to the institutionalization of religious values ​​in the Businessman 1- Gaining self-knowledge (knowing the talents, capacities, existential dimensions and position of man in the universe); 2- Gaining monotheistic insight (knowing the origin and your relationship with the Creator); 3- Reciprocity is (knowing the destination and drawing the path of happiness in the universe). After the realization of these three stages, the beliefs must be proven through rational and scientific reasoning and penetrate, in this case, the acceptance of good qualities in the Businessman will be facilitated.

Attention to Business development in Rural areas Given the current situation, the declining population of Rural areas is very important. Accordingly, in villages with tourism potential, the study of areas and influential factors and the presentation of Business development strategies are essential. The purpose of this study was to provide Business development strategies in Rural settlements with tourism potential in Zanjan province and to help create Business. The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The method of data collection was library and field and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect field data. The statistical population of the present study is the villages with tourism potential of Zanjan province. According to studies, Zanjan province has 43 identified villages in terms of tourism potential. 50% of the villages with tourism potential of the province, which includes 21 villages, were selected as the required number of samples. The number of households in the 21 selected villages is equal to 4950 households. The sample size is calculated based on Cochran's formula equal to 367 people. Descriptive and inferential statistics and SWOT model have been used to analyze the data. The results show that, according to the score presented in the final matrix table, the approach of providing financial credits by banks is presented as the most attractive strategy for Business development in the tourist villages of Zanjan province.The sample size is calculated based on Cochran's formula equal to 367 people. Descriptive and inferential statistics and SWOT model have been used to analyze the data. The results show that, according to the score presented in the final matrix table, the approach of providing financial credits by banks is presented as the most attractive strategy for Business development in the tourist villages of Zanjan province.The sample size is calculated based on Cochran's formula equal to 367 people. Descriptive and inferential statistics and SWOT model have been used to analyze the data. The results show that, according to the score presented in the final matrix table, the approach of providing financial credits by banks is presented as the most attractive strategy for Business development in the tourist villages of Zanjan province.

A B S T R A C T Tourism as a socio-economic activity plays an essential role in the economic, social, physical, and cultural dimensions of Rural settlements in developing countries, which can have significant impacts on Rural physical identity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of tourism on the identity changes of Rural settlements in Oraman area of Sarvabad Township in Kurdistan province. Therefore, the present study questions 1. What is the relationship between tourism development and Rural identity changes in the study area? What are the most critical factors influencing the physical development of Rural settlements? He answers. The present study is a descriptive-analytical based on data collection using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 7 villages located in the Dezli-Hajij communication axis in Oraman District based on population and housing census data of 1395 with 1572 households and 306 households were selected using Cochran formula. One-sample t-test and factor analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that tourism development in the sample villages in terms of continuity over time such as housing construction quality (3/67), sanitation (3/39) and land-use changes (3/78) and unity and plurality such as Design and style of housing architecture (3/01) and public transit architecture (3/23) and then differentiation and homogeneity such as proportionality with Rural life (3/58) and Rurality or location (3/43) have a positive impact on the physical dimensions of Rural settlements in the region. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that tourism development plays a vital role in the development of Rural physical identity in the region. So that the proportion of Rural life with a specific amount of 13/6 and 27% of the total variance had the most influence among the factors Extended Abstract Introduction  As an important socio-economic activity in local and regional development, tourism has a high potential for political, social, and economic changes in communities. Scholars widely regard it as the engine of development. Today, Rural areas in developing countries face various economic, social, and environmental challenges. Planners need to pay more attention to complementary sectors of agricultural activities such as the development of handicrafts, food industries, and tourism because agriculture is now retreating from its hegemonic position in some Rural areas. Therefore, tourism as one of the essential approaches to Rural development has multiple effects on the socio-economic dimensions of Rural areas. Tourism can play a vital role in shaping spaces, reconfiguring and rebuilding processes, creating new socio-economic opportunities in less-developed Rural areas,  and leads to changes in the physical dimensions and physical identity of the villages.   Methodology This study aims to investigate the role of tourism development in the physical identity of  Rural settlements located in the Dezley-Hajij road axis in Oraman County (Sarvabad Township- Kurdistan province) in western Iran. This applied study methodology of research was based on analytical– descriptive methods using questionnaires. After the survey of theoretical bases, the questionnaire was set using a Likert spectrum and distributed randomly among the sample. The statistical population of this study consisted of 1572 households residing in the villages of Daraki (Dezli County), Veisiyan and Kamaleh (Oraman County), Belbar, Jivar, Celin, and Novin (Shalyar County), with a sample of 306 was selected by Cochran formula. A questionnaire was further validated by an academic panel of experts in the field of research. Cronbach's alpha determined its reliability, which was up to 0.890 for measured indexes. The data were analyzed by One sample T-test and Factor   analysis tests in the SPSS software package.    Results and discussion To investigate the role of tourism activities in the physical identity change of Rural settlements, the research indices in terms of three components of time continuity (quality of constructions, health, and environmental cleanliness and land-use transformations), unity/multiplicity (Landscape of free passages and the type of architectural style), and differentiation/similarity (proportional to Rural life and Compliance with the physical environment) were classified. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that assuming numerical utility (3 mean spectra), the components of continuity in time, variance, multiplicity, and differentiation and similarity with numerical mean values (3.62), (3.35), and (3.27), respectively. The effect of tourism development is affected, and the difference is positive and means between upper and lower boundaries. There is a significant difference at the 95% level between the components. Evaluation of the importance of tourism in the physical development of Rural settlements from the viewpoint of the respondents using factor analysis statistical test showed that the relevant data according to the KMO coefficient (0.812) is appropriate, and the Bartlett's test is 99% significant. Therefore, 50 variables extracted from the questionnaire were classified into six main factors, namely Rural planning and architecture, beautification and environmental hygiene, privacy and road improvement, Rural livelihoods, cultural regeneration, and physical security.   Conclusion Findings based on the utility analysis of indicators indicate the positive impact of tourism development on the development of physical identity changes in Rural settlements in the study area. Thus, the development of tourism in the villages under study has been able to positively influence the three dimensions of identity, such as continuity in time, unity and plurality, and differentiation and similarity. Therefore, it can be concluded that tourism development due to its social and economic impacts on the villages has also led to changes in Rural physical identity. Moreover, hygiene and cleanliness of the Rural environment were observed with a numerical mean (3.81) and (3.67), respectively, both of which are indices in the continuity component over time. The results of the data analysis using factor analysis showed that the studied variables had 6% of the total variance in 5% of total variance. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that tourism development in two factors in terms of continuity in time has the most impact on the physical identity of Rural settlements at 41%. Thus, planning and architecture of Rural housing with 27% of the total variance and beautification and sanitation of the physical environment with 14% of the total variance have a significant impact on the physical changes and, consequently, the physical identity of the Rural settlements. Based on the research findings, the following suggestions can be considered: Strengthening local institutions, such as the Islamic Council and the local managers, in order to promote the use of local patterns in the construction of new instruments to conform to the physical structure and function of the villages in the region; Management of land use changes on the edge of the village in order to prevent unnecessary physical changes in the way of preservation and environmental beauty; Prevent the accumulation of pesticides in public passages due to tourism in the area; Improving public beauties and beautifying them using the social and cultural elements of the region.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest The Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments The authors appreciate to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Rural economy has an important role in Rural sustainable development in every region or country. However, the Rural economy in Iran is too much depending on agriculture and development of other Rural economy in particular nonfarm activities, has been neglected by Iranian Rural communities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the role of non-farm Business on Rural sustainable development in Sanandaj Township. This study was a type of surveying research and employed both questionnaire and interview tools. A four-part questionnaire (with 48 questions) was developed in order to collect data from the respondents. Likert-type responses with five scales were used to assess different sections of the questionnaires. The questionnaires’ reliability was tested by Cronbach’s Alpha technique and it was 76% (a=0.76). A number of 279 families, 181 families with and 98 without non-farm Business were selected randomly in 2011. Results of the study showed that non-farm Business can contribute to employment growth, income generating, and prevent seasonal and permanent migration from Rural areas. Based on the results, non-farm Business and non-farm industries need to be strongly invested by financial facilities through Rural cooperatives and unions. Additionally, encouraging Rural participation is essential in non-farms and industrial activities.